随着互联网行业的高速发展,云计算技术的应用也日趋广泛。作为传统IT企业,是否应该"上云",还是采取"下云"策略,一直以来都存在着激烈的争论。近期,三股力量同时引发了人们对这一问题的重新思考:马斯克接手Twitter并提出"下云"计划;知名软件架构师DHH在数年前就开始实践"下云";同时,边缘计算等新型ICT技术的涌现也使"上云""下云"界限进一步模糊。
在这样的背景下,我们用实证的角度,全面权衡了"上云""下云"各方面的成本与影响因素,探讨它们未来的发展趋势:
"上云"的成本优势
对于中小型创业企业来说,"上云"的最大优势在于资源的弹性性和成本的控制能力。通过按需付费的公有云服务,企业可以在不需要复杂IT基础设施投入的情况下,获得CPU、内存、存储和其他必要资源,帮助它们更好地脱颖而出和快速扩展。
此外,公有云服务商会不断提高硬件配置和技术水平,使得云资源的单位成本持续下降。这对规模相对较小的企业来说,使用公有云确实更具成本优势。
"下云"成本控制能力
但是,随着企业规模和需求不断扩大,公有云服务对企业而言也不再是最佳选择。这时,"下云"就显示出它的长处——可以通过自建IDC和租用专用机房,更精准地控制IT基础设施的投入与产出,最大限度提高资源利用率。
以Twitter为例,马斯克接管后通过"下云"减少了约6000万美元年度云成本。软件架构师DHH预估,其公司在5年内可通过"下云"节省约700万美元。这充分证明,当规模和成熟度足够高时,"下云"成本优势更明显。
"混合云"将成主流
总体来看,随着ICT环境的不断改变,"上云""下云"之间没有明显的优劣关系。我们清楚地看到,越来越多企业都采取"混合云"策略,根据不同应用特点,选择在公有云与私有基础设施之间进行有效对接。
未来,随着5G和边缘计算等新技术的发展,"上云""下云"边界可能 further blurred。企业需根据自身需求动态评估各模式之间的权衡,寻找最佳平衡点。"混合云"很可能成为主导趋势。
总结来看,市场没有一个统一标准来判断"上云""下云"哪种更好。随着技术和环境变化,企业需要不断评估成本与效益,找到最优解来支持长期业务发展。
实际操作中成熟稳定的软件
常见的软件有:
虚拟化管理软件:
- VMware vSphere - VMware的主打产品,支持公有云与自有基础设施对接。
- Microsoft Hyper-V - 支持Azure混合云解决方案。
容器编排软件:
- Docker Enterprise - 企业级Docker产品,支持多种云平台。
- Kubernetes - De facto的容器编排标准,主流云均有支持。
混合云管理平台:
- AWS Outposts - 让AWS服务运行在客户外部数据中心。
- Azure Stack - 将Azure服务带到客户本地,实现混合云。
- Google Anthos - 跨Google云与第三方云管理容器工作负载。
云 brokers:
- Cloudify - 提供基于TOSCA标准的混合云管理。
- OpenStack - 可连接多个公有私有云,统一资源管理。
网络连接工具:
- AWS Direct Connect - 实现AWS与企业内网连接。
- Azure ExpressRoute - 同样实现微软云与企业内网低延迟连接。
翻译来源于GPT3.5
With the rapid development of the internet industry, the application of cloud computing technology is becoming increasingly widespread. There has always been a fierce debate among traditional IT companies about whether they should "go to the cloud" or adopt a "down to earth" strategy. Recently, three forces have simultaneously sparked a rethinking of this issue: Elon Musk taking over Twitter and proposing a "down to earth" plan, renowned software architect DHH practicing "down to earth" for several years, and the emergence of new ICT technologies such as edge computing, further blurring the boundaries of "going to the cloud" or "down to earth."
In this context, we have comprehensively assessed the costs and influencing factors of "going to the cloud" and "down to earth" from an empirical perspective, and explored their future development trends:
Cost advantages of "going to the cloud"
For small and medium-sized startup companies, the biggest advantage of "going to the cloud" lies in the elasticity of resources and the ability to control costs. Through pay-as-you-go public cloud services, companies can obtain CPU, memory, storage, and other necessary resources without the need for complex IT infrastructure investments, helping them stand out and rapidly expand.
In addition, public cloud service providers continuously improve hardware configurations and technological proficiency, leading to a sustained decrease in the unit cost of cloud resources. This indeed provides cost advantages for relatively small-scale enterprises using public clouds.
Cost control capabilities of "down to earth"
However, as the scale and demands of enterprises continue to expand, public cloud services are no longer the optimal choice. At this point, "down to earth" demonstrates its strengths by allowing more precise control over the investment and output of IT infrastructure through self-built IDCs and leased dedicated data centers, maximizing resource utilization.
Taking Twitter as an example, Elon Musk reduced annual cloud costs by approximately $60 million through "down to earth" measures. Software architect DHH estimated that his company could save around $7 million over five years through "down to earth" practices. This fully demonstrates that the cost advantages of "down to earth" become more apparent when the scale and maturity are sufficiently high.
"Hybrid cloud" will become mainstream
Overall, with the ever-changing ICT landscape, there is no clear superiority or inferiority between "going to the cloud" and "down to earth." It is evident that more and more enterprises adopt a "hybrid cloud" strategy, effectively connecting public clouds and private infrastructure based on the characteristics of different applications.
In the future, with the development of new technologies such as 5G and edge computing, the boundary between "going to the cloud" and "down to earth" may become further blurred. Enterprises need to dynamically assess the trade-offs between different models based on their own needs and find the optimal balance point. "Hybrid cloud" is likely to become the dominant trend.
In summary, there is no unified standard in the market to determine which approach, "going to the cloud" or "down to earth," is better. With technological and environmental changes, enterprises need to continuously evaluate costs and benefits to find the optimal solution to support long-term business development.
Regarding the practical operation of mature and stable software, some common software includes:
Virtualization management software:
- VMware vSphere: VMware's flagship product, supports integration with public clouds and private infrastructure.
- Microsoft Hyper-V: Supports Azure hybrid cloud solutions.
Container orchestration software:
- Docker Enterprise: Enterprise-level Docker product, supports multiple cloud platforms.
- Kubernetes: The de facto container orchestration standard, supported by mainstream clouds.
Hybrid cloud management platforms:
- AWS Outposts: Enables AWS services to run in customer's external data centers.
- Azure Stack: Brings Azure services to customer's premises, enabling hybrid cloud.
- Google Anthos: Manages container workloads across Google Cloud and third-party clouds.
Cloud brokers:
- Cloudify: Provides hybrid cloud management based on the TOSCA standard.
- OpenStack: Connects multiple public and private clouds for unified resource management.
Network connectivity tools:
- AWS Direct Connect: Establishes a connection between AWS and enterprise intranet.
- Azure ExpressRoute: Enables low-latency connection between Microsoft Cloud and enterprise intranet.
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